Gut microecological regulation on bronchiolitis and asthma in children: A review.

INTRODUCTION: Asthma and bronchiolitis in children are considered common clinical problems associated with gut microbiota. However, the exact relationship between gut microbiota and the above-mentioned diseases remains unclear. Here, we discussed recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism underlying immune regulation of gut microbiota on asthma and bronchiolitis in children as well as the role of the gut-lung axis. METHODS: We retrieved and assessed all relevant original articles related to gut microbiota, airway inflammation-induced wheezing in children, and gut-lung axis studies from databases that have been published so far, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang Database. RESULTS: The infant period is critical for the development of gut microbiota, which can be influenced by gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and feeding mode. The gut microbiota in children with asthma and bronchiolitis is significantly distinct from those in healthy subjects. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in asthma and bronchiolitis in children. The presence of intestinal disturbances in lung diseases highlights the importance of the gut-lung axis. CONCLUSION: Gut microbiota dysbiosis potentially increases the risk of asthma and bronchiolitis in children. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the gut-lung axis with regard to the gut microbiota of children with respiratory diseases could contribute to clinical practice for pulmonary diseases.

Curcumin Suppresses Apoptosis and Inflammation in Hypoxia/Reperfusion-Exposed Neurons via Wnt Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Curcumin has been shown to exert neuro-protective effects in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate the neuro-protective activity of curcumin and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) protocol was used to simulate I/R injury in vitro. Isolated neonatal neurons were pre-treated with curcumin at serially diluted concentrations and exposed to H/R injury. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Contents of TNFa and IL6 in supernatant of cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. Protein expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation levels were studied by Western blotting. RESULTS H/R reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis of neurons. H/R significantly increased Wnt5a expression, JNK1 phosphorylation, and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Moreover, expression levels of cleaved caspase3, TNFalpha, and IL6 were elevated in H/R-exposed neurons. Curcumin pre-treatment significantly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of neurons exposed to H/R, in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, curcumin pre-treatment significantly decreased expression levels of Wnt5a, IL6, TNFalpha, and phosphorylation level of JNK1, as well as the nuclear translocation level of NF-kappaB in H/R-exposed neurons, in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin exerted neuro-protective effects against H/R-induced neuron apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting activation of the Wnt/JNK1 signaling pathway.